Project 3688: J. K. O’Connor, Z. Zhou. 2013. A redescription of Chaoyangia beishanensis (Aves) and a comprehensive phylogeny of Mesozoic birds. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 11 (7):889-906.
Abstract
We review the enigmatic Chaoyangia beishanensis, one of the earliest birds described from the Jiufotang Formation, north-eastern China, and the first to be identified as an ornithurine (Aves: Ornithothoraces) and thus a member of the clade that includes living birds. A complete discussion of the validity of this taxon, which once included the holotype of Songlingornis, is provided, along with a revised diagnosis. The morphology of Chaoyangia is described, including extensive comparison with better known, recently discovered ornithurines as well as several other groups of Mesozoic birds (Confuciusornithiformes, Sapeornithiformes, Enantiornithes). Although preserved information is limited, the large number of fused sacral vertebrae and presence of a distal dorsal process on the ischium are among the features supporting early hypotheses that the only known specimen of Chaoyangia represents an ornithurine. Unique among ornithurines, Chaoyangia possesses two dorsal processes on the ischium, and thus remains a valid taxon. We include this taxon in a cladistic analysis to test morphological hypotheses regarding its systematic position. Although the results of the analysis are highly resolved and support the referral of Chaoyangia and Zhongjianornis to Ornithurae, support for the tree overall is very low. Recently discovered taxa have blurred the once clear morphological gap separating the two ornithothoracine clades (Ornithurae and Enantiornithes), and thus the increase in taxonomic diversity has caused a decrease in the stability of hypothetical&break; relationships.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2012.690455
Project DOI: 10.7934/P3688, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3688
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 6527 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 245 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 584 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:213/32 |
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MorphoBank Project 3688
MorphoBank Project 3688
- Creation Date:
01 April 2020 - Publication Date:
22 April 2020 - Project views: 14993
- Media downloads: 2
- Matrix downloads: 5
Authors' Institutions
- Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), CAS
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 60 | 2 | 1 | 245 | 0 | 0 | 6527 (6527, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Jingmai O’Connor Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M26560' (60 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Dromaeosauridae Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 15 | 235 | 230 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] † Archaeopteryx Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 53 | 192 | 192 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] † Jeholornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 98 | 151 | 147 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] † Rahonavis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 152 | 97 | 93 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] † Shenzhouraptor Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 186 | 63 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] † Jixiangornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 201 | 51 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] † Zhongornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 153 | 97 | 92 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] † Sapeornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 80 | 167 | 165 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] † Didactylornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 177 | 71 | 68 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] † Confuciusornis sanctus Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 31 | 216 | 214 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] † Changchengornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 144 | 103 | 101 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] † Eoconfuciusornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 127 | 121 | 118 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] † Jinzhouornis zhangjiyingia Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 123 | 132 | 122 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] † Confuciusornis dui Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 180 | 72 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] † Chaoyangia Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 222 | 29 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] † Zhongjianornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 155 | 96 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] † Boluochia Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 207 | 44 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] † Shenqiornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 138 | 110 | 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] † Cathyaornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 125 | 127 | 120 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] † Concornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 154 | 95 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] † Elsornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 170 | 82 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] † Eoalulavis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 159 | 86 | 86 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] † Eocathayornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 182 | 65 | 63 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] † Eoenantiornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 150 | 102 | 95 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] † Gobipteryx Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 153 | 99 | 92 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] † Iberomesornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 180 | 70 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] † Longipteryx Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 102 | 149 | 143 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] † Longirostravis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 140 | 113 | 105 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] † Neuquenornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 176 | 72 | 69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] † Otogornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 220 | 26 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] † Pengornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 133 | 121 | 112 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] † Protopteryx Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 151 | 100 | 94 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[33] † Rapaxavis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 116 | 135 | 129 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[34] † Shanweiniao Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 170 | 88 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[35] † Vescornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 134 | 121 | 111 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[36] † Vorona Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 205 | 41 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[37] † Eoornithura Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 109 | 153 | 136 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[38] † Jianchangornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 134 | 118 | 111 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[39] † Archaeorhynchus Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 123 | 130 | 122 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[40] † Liaoningornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 220 | 29 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[41] † Songlingornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 219 | 27 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[42] † Ambiortus Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 209 | 38 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[43] † Longicrusavis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 111 | 138 | 134 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[44] † Apsaravis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 104 | 145 | 141 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[45] † Hongshanornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 148 | 101 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[46] † Yanornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 98 | 151 | 147 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[47] † Patagopteryx Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 101 | 145 | 144 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[48] † Hollanda Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 209 | 39 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[49] † Yixianornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 94 | 153 | 151 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[50] † Gansus Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 78 | 169 | 167 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[51] † Ichthyornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 52 | 196 | 193 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[52] † Hesperornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 74 | 171 | 171 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[53] † Parahesperornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 156 | 89 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[54] † Enaliornis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 201 | 44 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[55] † Baptornis advenus Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 102 | 144 | 143 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[56] † Baptornis varneri Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 191 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[57] † Limenavis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 219 | 26 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[58] † Vegavis Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 199 | 48 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[59] Anas Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 5 | 240 | 240 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[60] Gallus Last Modified in 04/01/20 | 5 | 240 | 240 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 14993 | |
Project overview | 1020 | |
Matrix views | 739 | Morphological matrix of the paper by O’Connor & Zhou 2013 (prepared by MorphoBank curators from original submission) (93 views); Matrix landing page (646 views); |
Views for media list | 735 | |
Documents list | 623 | |
Media views | 2304 | Media search (1971 views); M687273 (333 views); |
Taxon list | 7086 | |
Bibliography | 513 | |
Specimen list | 1973 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 120 | |
Project downloads | 111 | |
Media downloads | 2 | M687273 (2 downloads); |
Matrix downloads | 5 | Morphological matrix of the paper by O’Connor & Zhou 2013 (prepared by MorphoBank curators from original submission) (5 downloads); |
Document downloads | 2 | Character list and matrix (2 downloads); |