Project 4169: D. Cortés, E. E. Maxwell, H. C. Larsson. 2021. Re-appearance of hypercarnivore ichthyosaurs in the Cretaceous with differentiated dentition: revision of ‘Platypterygius’ sachicarum (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria, Ophthalmosauridae) from Colombia. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 19 (14):969-1002.
Abstract
Early Cretaceous ichthyosaur diversity has markedly increased in recent years with the discovery of new taxa in the field and in museum collections. This has led to new characters, and a better understanding of taxonomically informative anatomy. Here, we re-describe the holotype of the ophthalmosaurid Platypterygius sachicarum from the Barremian–Aptian of Colombia and place these data in a phylogenetic context. The validity of the species is supported by several new characters of the narial region, mandible and dentition. The dentition is unique among ichthyosaurs in that it presents several discrete tooth morphologies that range from piercing to cutting to crushing. In combination, these cranial specializations imply a large vertebrate diet and make this taxon the first Cretaceous hypercarnivorous ichthyosaur. Differences from the type species of Platypterygius, P. platydactylus, include a suite of characters associated with differing feeding ecologies and the complex external nares. The large number of character differences and revised phylogenetic relationships are used to remove the Colombian taxon from Platypterygius and recognize it as a new genus, Kyhytysuka sachicarum comb. nov. A revised set of taxonomic definitions are proposed for Ophthalmosauria to maintain stability at this important node. Kyhytysuka sachicarum opens new questions regarding the diversity and paleobiogeography of Early Cretaceous ichthyosaurs from northern Gondwana and highlights the importance of individually assessing each ‘Platypterygius’ species and, potentially, specimen to better understand the diversity of this broadly distributed taxon.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2021.1989507
Project DOI: 10.7934/P4169, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4169
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 1645 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 88 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 191 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:88/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 4169
MorphoBank Project 4169
- Creation Date:
13 January 2022 - Publication Date:
02 February 2022 - Project views: 7185
- Matrix downloads: 1
Authors' Institutions
- McGill University
- Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde Stuttgart
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
- Centro de Investigaciones Paleontológicas, Colombia
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 34 | 1 | 1 | 88 | 0 | 0 | 1645 (1635, 0, 10) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Hans CE Larsson | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Dirley Cortes Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Erin Maxwell Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M28672' (34 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Temnodontosaurus sp. Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 4 | 83 | 83 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[2] † Malawania anachronus Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 73 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[3] † Ichthyosaurus communis Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 3 | 88 | 84 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[4] † Stenopterygius quadriscissus Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 8 | 80 | 79 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[5] † Chacaicosaurus cayi Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 55 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[6] † Ophthalmosaurus icenicus Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 2 | 87 | 85 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[7] † Baptanodon natans Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 27 | 61 | 60 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[8] † Brachypterygius extremus Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 25 | 63 | 62 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[9] † Maiaspondylus lindoei Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 62 | 26 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[10] † Undorosaurus gorodischensis Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 38 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[11] † Arthropterygius chrisorum Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 59 | 29 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[12] † Mollesaurus periallus Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 54 | 34 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[13] † Acamptonectes densus Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 40 | 49 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[14] † Caypullisaurus bonapartei Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 38 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[15] † Aegirosaurus leptospondylus Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 41 | 46 | 46 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[16] † Platypterygius australis Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 2 | 87 | 86 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[17] † Platypterygius hercynicus Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 37 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[18] † Kyhytysuka sachicarum Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 38 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[19] † Platypterygius platydactylus Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 56 | 32 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[20] † Platypterygius americanus Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[21] † Athabascasaurus bitumineus Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 57 | 31 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[22] † Leninia stellans Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 69 | 20 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[23] † Sveltonectes insolitus Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 19 | 70 | 68 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[24] † Cryopterygius kristiansenae Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 20 | 68 | 67 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[25] † Janusaurus lundi Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 36 | 53 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[26] † Gengasaurus nicosiai Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 64 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[27] † Muiscasaurus catheti Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 66 | 21 | 21 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[28] † Simbirskiasaurus birjukovi Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 68 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[29] † Palvennia hoybergeti Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 26 | 62 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[30] † Arthropterygius thalassonotus Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 58 | 30 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[31] † Keilhauia nui Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 64 | 26 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[32] † Nannopterygius saveljevensis Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 30 | 62 | 58 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[33] † Thalassodraco etchesi Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 31 | 57 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[34] † Acuetzpalin carranzai Last Modified in 02/02/22 | 58 | 33 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 7185 | |
Media views | 1396 | Media search (1156 views); M835338 (240 views); |
Project overview | 492 | |
Matrix views | 375 | Matrix landing page (347 views); Data matrix from Supplemental Data (28 views); |
Documents list | 345 | |
Taxon list | 3086 | |
Views for media list | 434 | |
Bibliography | 288 | |
Specimen list | 769 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 14 | |
Project downloads | 13 | |
Matrix downloads | 1 | Data matrix from Supplemental Data (1 download); |