Project 4439: X. Cui, Q. Qu, P. S. Andreev, Q. Li, H. Mai, M. Zhu. 2021. Modeling scale morphogenesis in a Devonian chondrichthyan and scale growth patterns in crown gnathostomes. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (2):null.
Abstract
Early chondrichthyans (cartilaginous fishes) possess a rich record of scale fossils that have impacted on taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of early jawed vertebrates, but the significance of these scales remains elusive due to the lack of well-defined characters. Gualepis, a scale-based genus from the Lower Devonian of Yunnan, China, was initially recognized as an early chondrichthyan of uncertain affinity. We investigate new material of Gualepis elegans from the type locality. By combining microtomographic data with morphological and histological examination of specimens at successive growth stages, we have reconstructed the 3D growth pattern of the scales. During growth, Gualepis scales added new odontodes appositionally, which has previously been documented in the dermal skeletons of Seretolepis, Kathemacanthus, Parexus, and other crownward members of the stem chondrichthyans. Phylogenetic analysis resolves Gualepis as a non-acanthodid stem chondrichthyan near the crown chondrichthyan node. Our 3D approach is potentially useful to render more reliable scale-based characters, especially regarding scale growth patterns. This study provides the first 3D virtual growth model of stem chondrichthyan scales with a Seretolepis-type morphogenesis, offering new insights into the early evolution of chondrichthyan dermal skeletons.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2021.1930018
Project DOI: 10.7934/P4439, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4439
This project contains | Matrices |
---|---|
Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 13927 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 272 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 572 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:272/0 |
Currently Viewing:
MorphoBank Project 4439
MorphoBank Project 4439
- Creation Date:
10 October 2022 - Publication Date:
24 August 2023 - Project views: 3161
- Matrix downloads: 1
Authors' Institutions
- Xiamen University
- Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), CAS
- Yunnan University
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment
- Qujing Normal University
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Bidane Martinez Huerta Project Administrator | 87 | 1 | 1 | 272 | 0 | 0 | 13927 (9952, 0, 3975) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Brooke Long-Fox Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29100' (87 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Galeaspida Last Modified in 12/16/22 | 36 | 87 | 87 | 0 | 149 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] † Osteostraci Last Modified in 12/16/22 | 22 | 123 | 122 | 0 | 128 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] † Acanthodes Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 20 | 190 | 190 | 0 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] † Acronemus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 146 | 74 | 73 | 0 | 53 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] † Akmonistion Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 39 | 175 | 175 | 0 | 58 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] † Austroptyctodus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 121 | 116 | 116 | 0 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] † Bothriolepis Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 108 | 104 | 104 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] † Brachyacanthus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 157 | 72 | 72 | 0 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] † Brindabellaspis Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 112 | 137 | 137 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] † Brochoadmones Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 143 | 84 | 84 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] † Buchanosteus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 81 | 150 | 150 | 0 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] † Campbellodus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 135 | 99 | 99 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] † Cassidiceps Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 158 | 70 | 70 | 0 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] † Cheiracanthus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 123 | 97 | 97 | 0 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] † Cheirolepis Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 88 | 157 | 156 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] Chimaeroidei Last Modified in 12/12/22 | 5 | 192 | 192 | 0 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] † Chondrenchelys Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 64 | 129 | 128 | 0 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] † Cladodoides Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 123 | 111 | 111 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] † Cladoselache Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 81 | 136 | 136 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] † Climatius Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 131 | 102 | 102 | 0 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] Cobelodus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 72 | 137 | 137 | 0 | 63 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] † Coccosteus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 132 | 104 | 104 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] † Cowralepis Last Modified in 12/16/22 | 141 | 94 | 94 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] † Culmacanthus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 156 | 71 | 71 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] † Damocles Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 94 | 123 | 122 | 0 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] † Debeerius Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 63 | 144 | 144 | 0 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] † Dicksonosteus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 58 | 172 | 172 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] † Diplacanthus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 145 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] † Diplodoselache Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 125 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] † Doliodus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 92 | 123 | 123 | 0 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] † Dwykaselachus Last Modified in 12/16/22 | 138 | 98 | 98 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] † Egertonodus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 18 | 198 | 198 | 0 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[33] † Entelognathus Last Modified in 12/16/22 | 143 | 110 | 110 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[34] † Falcatus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 65 | 152 | 151 | 0 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[35] † Gemuendina Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 132 | 105 | 104 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[36] † Gladbachus Last Modified in 12/16/22 | 67 | 140 | 140 | 0 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[37] † Guiyu Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 124 | 135 | 134 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[38] † Gyracanthides Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 194 | 54 | 53 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[39] † Halimacanthodes Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 165 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[40] † Hamiltonichthys Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 73 | 144 | 144 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[41] † Helodus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 80 | 127 | 126 | 0 | 66 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[42] † Homalacanthus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 122 | 94 | 94 | 0 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[43] † Homalodontus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 99 | 121 | 120 | 0 | 53 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[44] † Iniopera Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 33 | 161 | 161 | 0 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[45] † Ischnacanthus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 119 | 107 | 107 | 0 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[46] † Jagorina Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 102 | 133 | 132 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[47] † Janusiscus Last Modified in 12/16/22 | 187 | 73 | 73 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[48] † Kathemacanthus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 137 | 82 | 82 | 0 | 53 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[49] † Kawichthys Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 168 | 74 | 74 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[50] † Latviacanthus Last Modified in 12/16/22 | 195 | 41 | 41 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[51] † Ligulalepis Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 157 | 103 | 103 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[52] † Lupopsyrus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 145 | 81 | 81 | 0 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[53] † Macropetalichthys Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 149 | 99 | 99 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[54] † Meemannia Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 211 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[55] † Mesacanthus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 146 | 78 | 78 | 0 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[56] † Mimipiscis Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 2 | 239 | 238 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[57] † Moythomasia Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 1 | 239 | 238 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[58] † Nerepisacanthus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 155 | 75 | 75 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[59] † Obtusacanthus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 155 | 62 | 62 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[60] † Onychoselache Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 96 | 120 | 120 | 0 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[61] † Orthacanthus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 22 | 179 | 179 | 0 | 71 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[62] † OzarcusFM13242 Last Modified in 12/16/22 | 82 | 138 | 138 | 0 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[63] † Parayunnanolepis Last Modified in 12/16/22 | 172 | 67 | 67 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[64] † Parexus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 148 | 86 | 86 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[65] † Poracanthodes Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 155 | 75 | 75 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[66] † Promesacanthus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 134 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[67] † Psarolepis Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 117 | 138 | 138 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[68] † Pterichthyodes Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 157 | 76 | 76 | 0 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[69] † Ptomacanthus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 110 | 121 | 120 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[70] † Pucapampella Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 133 | 95 | 95 | 0 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[71] † Qilinyu Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 189 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[72] † Ramirosuarezia Last Modified in 12/16/22 | 184 | 73 | 73 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[73] † Raynerius Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 73 | 184 | 184 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[74] † Rhadinacanthus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 143 | 79 | 79 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[75] † Rhamphodopsis Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 164 | 81 | 81 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[76] † Romundina Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 119 | 126 | 126 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[77] Squalus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 6 | 205 | 205 | 0 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[78] † Synechodus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 98 | 120 | 120 | 0 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[79] † Tamiobatis Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 65 | 153 | 152 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[80] † Tetanopsyrus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 129 | 89 | 89 | 0 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[81] † Tribodus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 55 | 165 | 165 | 0 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[82] † Triodus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 53 | 151 | 151 | 0 | 68 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[83] † Tristychius Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 21 | 194 | 194 | 0 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[84] † Uraniacanthus Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 134 | 88 | 88 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[85] † Vwaynensis Last Modified in 12/17/22 | 172 | 62 | 62 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[86] † Youngolepis Last Modified in 08/24/23 | 115 | 135 | 134 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[87] † Gualepis Last Modified in 12/16/22 | 255 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 3161 | |
Project overview | 170 | |
Matrix views | 142 | Matrix landing page (132 views); Cui et al (2021) (10 views); |
Media views | 505 | Media search (428 views); M848651 (77 views); |
Documents list | 133 | |
Taxon list | 1698 | |
Specimen list | 267 | |
Bibliography | 99 | |
Views for media list | 147 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 1 | |
Matrix downloads | 1 | Cui et al (2021) (1 download); |