Project 833: E. G. Ekdale. 2013. Comparative Anatomy of the Bony Labyrinth (Inner Ear) of Placental Mammals. PLOS ONE. 8 (6):e66624.
Abstract
BackgroundVariation is a naturally occurring phenomenon that is observable at all levels of morphology, from anatomical variations of DNA molecules to gross variations between whole organisms. The structure of the otic region is no exception. The present paper documents the broad morphological diversity exhibited by the inner ear region of placental mammals using digital endocasts constructed from high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT). Descriptions cover the major placental clades, and linear, angular, and volumetric dimensions are reported.Principal FindingsThe size of the labyrinth is correlated to the overall body mass of individuals, such that large bodied mammals have absolutely larger labyrinths. The ratio between the average arc radius of curvature of the three semicircular canals and body mass of aquatic species is substantially lower than the ratios of related terrestrial taxa, and the volume percentage of the vestibular apparatus of aquatic mammals tends to be less than that calculated for terrestrial species. Aspects of the bony labyrinth are phylogenetically informative, including vestibular reduction in Cetacea, a tall cochlear spiral in caviomorph rodents, a low position of the plane of the lateral semicircular canal compared to the posterior canal in Cetacea and Carnivora, and a low cochlear aspect ratio in Primatomorpha.SignificanceThe morphological descriptions that are presented add a broad baseline of anatomy of the inner ear across many placental mammal clades, for many of which the structure of the bony labyrinth is largely unknown. The data included here complement the growing body of literature on the physiological and phylogenetic significance of bony labyrinth structures in mammals, and they serve as a source of data for future studies on the evolution and function of the vertebrate ear.Read the article »
Project DOI: 10.7934/P833, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P833
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 216 Total media associated with cells: 291 Total labels associated with cell media: 219 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 6 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 16 Total character states with associated media: 16 Total character states with media with labels:10 Total unordered/ordered characters:6/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 833
MorphoBank Project 833
- Creation Date:
06 December 2012 - Publication Date:
23 June 2013 - Project views: 208462
- Media downloads: 22
- Matrix downloads: 34
Authors' Institutions
- San Diego State University
- San Diego Natural History Museum
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | media notes | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||||||||||
Eric Ekdale Project Administrator | 36 | 37 | 214 | 208 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 16 | 10 | 216 (216, 0, 0) | 0 | 144 | 291 | 219 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M1905' (36 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Didelphis virginiana Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 7 | 1 |
[2] † Kulbeckia kulbecke Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[3] † Ukhaatherium nessovi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[4] † Zalambdalestes lechei Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[5] † Zhelestid Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[6] Chrysochloris sp. Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[7] † Elephantimorpha Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[8] Hemicentetes semispinosum Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[9] Macroscelides proboscideus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[10] Orycteropus afer Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[11] Procavia capensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[12] Trichechus manatus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[13] Dasypus novemcinctus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[14] Atelerix albiventris Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[15] † Balaenopteridae Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 7 | 1 |
[16] † Bathygenys reevesi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[17] Canis familiaris Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[18] Equus caballus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[19] Eumetopias jubatus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[20] Felis catus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[21] Manis tricuspis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[22] Nycteris grandis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[23] Pteropus lylei Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[24] Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[25] Sorex monticolus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 7 | 1 |
[26] Sus scrofa Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[27] Tadarida brasiliensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[28] Tursiops truncatus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[29] Cavia porcellus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[30] Cynocephalus volans Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[31] Homo sapiens Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[32] Lepus californicus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[33] Macaca mulatta Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[34] Mus musculus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[35] Sylvilagus floridanus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
[36] Tupaia glis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
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Bibliography | 4242 | |
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Project downloads | 418 | |
Matrix downloads | 34 | Discrete Matrix (34 downloads); |
Document downloads | 18 | Continuous Character Matrix (8 downloads); Combined Discrete and Continuous Character Matrix (10 downloads); |